penology meaning nature and scope pdf
penology meaning nature and scope pdf
penology meaning nature and scope pdf
penology meaning nature and scope pdf
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Penology
Criminal science is classified into 3 parts:
Criminology
Penology
Victimology
Criminology– study of crime and criminal behaviour
Penology– It is firstly coined by Auguste Forel in his book “ The science of crime
and punishment” in 1885.
Victimology– It basically focuses on seeking justice for victims who are facing
multiple problems after a crime.
Meaning-
The term “penology” comes from the word “punishment or penalty.
” Penology is a branch of criminology dealing with prison management and the treatment of offenders.
Penology is the discipline of criminology that studies punishment and the
management of criminally convicted individuals. It includes sentencing, jail,
probation, parole, and other kinds of punishment and rehabilitation in theory and practice.
Penology is the study of punishment related to crime, encompassing principles and methods of administering justice. Defined by Dr. P.K. Sen, it provides fundamental guidelines for state punishment schemes, while the Oxford English Dictionary describes it as the examination of crime punishment and prison management. It includes various theories, notably retributive penology, which views punishment as a form of retribution for harm inflicted by offenders, emphasizing moral justice and societal balance.
Penology is the study of punishment related to crime, focusing on the principles and methods of administering penalties for criminal acts. Defined by Dr. P.K. Sen, it outlines the foundational principles guiding state punishment schemes, while the Oxford English Dictionary describes it as the study of crime punishment and prison management. Key branches of penology include retributive penology, which emphasizes punishment as a form of retribution and moral justice, aiming to balance societal demands for justice.
Definition –
Penology is the study of punishment in relation with crime. It is science which deals with the principles and methods of punishments. So it is about theories and methods of punishment for criminal acts. Dr P.K. Sen defines it,
‘penology lay down the fundamental principles that should guide the state, or the sovereign authority in framing the schemes of punishments.
The Oxford English Dictionary defines penology as “the study of the punishment of crime and prison management”
Types of Penology
Penology encompasses various theories and approaches, each focusing on different aspects of criminal justice and punishment, with main branches including:
1. Retributive Penology: Retributive penology focuses on the idea of punishment as retribution or revenge for the harm caused by the offender. It emphasizes the moral and philosophical aspects of justice, with punishment seen as a way to balance the scales and satisfy society’s demand for justice.
2.Rehabilitative Penology: This approach emphasizes the rehabilitation of
offenders rather than punishment for its own sake. It sees criminal behavior as a result of social, psychological, or environmental factors, and aims to address these root causes to reintegrate offenders into society.
3.Restorative Justice: Restorative justice is an alternative approach that
emphasizes repairing the harm caused by the offense and involving both victims and offenders in the resolution process. It seeks to heal relationships and reintegrate offenders into the community.
4.Critical Penology: Critical penology takes a critical and often sociological
perspective on the criminal justice system. It examines the power dynamics,
inequalities, and social structures that contribute to crime and punishment, and advocates for systemic changes to address these issues.
5.Comparative Penology: Comparative penology involves the study of different
penal systems and practices in various countries. It aims to understand how
different approaches to punishment and criminal justice impact crime rates,
recidivism, and social outcomes.
Objective of Penology
Penology focuses on effective methods for punishment, rehabilitation, and crime prevention in the criminal justice system. Its main goals are:
1.*Punishment*: Set fair and appropriate punishments that fit the seriousness of the crime.
2.*Rehabilitation*: Help offenders change by addressing issues like addiction and lack of education.
3.*Deterrence*: Discourage crime by making the consequences clear, using the
fear of punishment.
4.*Restitution and Restoration*: Repair harm caused by crime through victim
compensation and reintegration of offenders.
5.*Prevention*: Stop future crimes by tackling root issues like poverty and social inequality, often through community programs.
6.*Human Rights and Fairness*: Ensure the justice system respects human
rights and provides fair treatment.
7.*Cost Efficiency*: Find cost-effective ways to achieve goals and use resources wisely.
8.*Public Safety*: Improve safety by reducing crime rates and helping offenders not to reoffend.
Difference Between Penology and Criminology:
Penology and criminology are two different areas of study within the criminal justice system.
–
*Criminology* studies crime and criminal behavior. It looks at what causes crime,the effects of crime, and patterns in criminal activity. Criminologists examine social ,psychological, and environmental factors that lead to crime. Their goal is to understand why crime happens and how to prevent it.
–
*Penology* focuses on punishment and the penal system. This field looks at how offenders are treated within the justice system, including prisons, rehabilitation programs, and punishment methods. Penologists study how effective punishment is in stopping crime, helping offenders change, and keeping the public safe.
In summary, criminology tries to understand the reasons for crime and how to reduce it, while penology looks at how to manage punishment and rehabilitation for offenders. Criminologists work to prevent crime, and penologists aim to improve the justice system’s response to crime.
penology meaning nature and scope pdf
penology meaning nature and scope pdf
Penology and Victimology Notes : https://lawadhoctutorials.com/penology-and-victimology-notes/
Penology and Victimology Notes PDF : https://lawadhoctutorials.com/penology-and-victimology-notes-pdf/
Education of Prisoners Notes : https://lawadhoctutorials.com/education-of-prisoners/
Vocational Training for Prisoners notes : https://lawadhoctutorials.com/vocational-training-for-prisoners-in-india/
Rights and Duties of Prisoners notes :- https://lawadhoctutorials.com/rights-and-duties-of-prisoners/
Model Prison Act Notes : https://lawadhoctutorials.com/model-prisons-act-2003/
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